Description

The potato is a starchy root vegetable native to the Americas that is consumed as a staple food in many parts of the world. Potatoes are tubers of the plant Solanum tuberosum, a perennial in the nightshade family Solanaceae.

Wild potato species can be found from the southern United States to southern Chile. The potato was originally believed to have been domesticated by Native Americans independently in multiple locations, but later genetic studies traced a single origin, in the area of present-day southern Peru and extreme northwestern Bolivia. Potatoes were domesticated there about 7,000–10,000 years ago from a species in the S. brevicaule complex. Many varieties of the potato are cultivated in the Andes region of South America, where the species is indigenous.

The Spanish introduced potatoes to Europe in the second half of the 16th century. They are a staple food in many parts of the world and an integral part of much of the world's food supply. Following millennia of selective breeding, there are now over 5,000 different varieties of potatoes. Over 99% of potatoes presently cultivated worldwide descend from varieties that originated in the lowlands of south-central Chile. The importance of the potato as a food source and culinary ingredient varies by region and is still changing. It remains an essential crop in Europe, especially Northern and Eastern Europe, where per capita production is still the highest in the world, while the most rapid expansion in production during the 21st century was in southern and eastern Asia, with China and India leading the world production of 376 million tonnes (370,000,000 long tons; 414,000,000 short tons) as of 2021.

Like the tomato, the potato is a nightshade in the genus Solanum, and the vegetative and fruiting parts of the potato contain the toxin solanine which is dangerous for human consumption. Normal potato tubers that have been grown and stored properly produce glycoalkaloids in negligible amounts, but, if green sections of the plant (namely sprouts and skins) are exposed to light, the tuber can accumulate a high enough concentration of glycoalkaloids to affect human health.

Whole Genomes

Whole Genome Sequences & Annotations for Solanum tuberosum

• Solanum tuberosum 'DM1-3 516 R44 (cultivar)' DM8.1

S genes

Solanum tuberosum 'DM 1-3 516 R44 (cultivar)' DM8.1 S genes

Query	Chr	Size(bp)	Coordinates	BLASTn Hit	BLASTn %ID	Domain
SLF15	chr01	88922896	3684553-3683294	SL2.31ch01:2198500-2196501_SLF15	93.889	F-box domain
SLF16	chr01	88922896	5240318-5239104	SL2.31ch01:2723400-2721301_SLF16	95.093	F-box domain
SLF22	chr01	88922896	36065232-36064093	KU960924.1, SLF22	95.351	F-box domain
SLF17	chr01	88922896	37274506-37273304	KU960921.1, SLF17	92.555	F-box domain
S-RNase	chr01	88922896	38418500-38418736, 38418824-38419237	XM_006347185.1, ribonuclease S-F11-like	100	Ribonuclease T2 family
SLF22-2	chr01	88922896	38739674-38740825	KU960924.1, SLF22	79.638	F-box domain
SLF6	chr01	88922896	38940643-38939498	KU987626.1, SLF6	83.014	F-box domain
SLF5	chr01	88922896	41055267-41054083	KU987627.2, SLF5	94.024	F-box domain
SLF12	chr01	88922896	41124574-41125740	SL2.31ch01:45516501-45518600_SLF12Ψ	88.974	F-box domain
SLF5-2	chr01	88922896	41425512-41424343	KJ814884.1, SLF5	95.299	F-box domain
SLF7	chr01	88922896	41498325-41497156	KJ814851.1, SLF7	93.095	F-box domain
SLF20	chr01	88922896	41553335-41552169	KU960922.1, SLF20	95.63	F-box domain
SLF21	chr01	88922896	42095600-42094380	KU960923.1, SLF21	92.5	F-box domain
SLF9	chr01	88922896	42962873-42961731	KU987631.1, SLF9	92.826	F-box domain
SLF11Ψ	chr01	88922896	44561272-44562433	NM_001323461.1, SLF11	93.782	-
SLF6-2	chr01	88922896	45410759-45409617	KU987626.1, SLF6	89.323	F-box domain
SLF13	chr01	88922896	45915125-45913923	KJ814856.1, SLF13	94.015	F-box domain
SLF18	chr01	88922896	60028682-60029800	SL2.31ch01:67739501-67741500_SLF18	94.459	F-box domain
SLF18-2	chr01	88922896	60034523-60035641	SL2.31ch01:67739501-67741500_SLF18	94.37	F-box domain
SLF19	chr01	88922896	60065236-60064124	SL2.31ch01:67757501-67759600_SLF19	93.057	F-box domain

Downloads

The Solanum tuberosum S gene sequences are available in FASTA format.

CDS and Protein (FASTA file)

S-gene_Solanum_tuberosum

Publications

Yang X, Zhang L, Guo X, Xu J, Zhang K, Yang Y, Yang Y, Jian Y, Dong D, Huang S, Cheng F, Li G. The gap-free potato genome assembly reveals large tandem gene clusters of agronomical importance in highly repeated genomic regions. Mol Plant. 2023 Feb 6;16(2):314-317. doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.12.010.

Potato Genome Sequencing Consortium; Xu X, Pan S, Cheng S, Zhang B, Mu D, Ni P, Zhang G, Yang S, Li R, Wang J, Orjeda G, Guzman F, Torres M, Lozano R, Ponce O, Martinez D, De la Cruz G, Chakrabarti SK, Patil VU, Skryabin KG, Kuznetsov BB, Ravin NV, Kolganova TV, Beletsky AV, Mardanov AV, Di Genova A, Bolser DM, Martin DM, Li G, Yang Y, Kuang H, Hu Q, Xiong X, Bishop GJ, Sagredo B, Mejía N, Zagorski W, Gromadka R, Gawor J, Szczesny P, Huang S, Zhang Z, Liang C, He J, Li Y, He Y, Xu J, Zhang Y, Xie B, Du Y, Qu D, Bonierbale M, Ghislain M, Herrera Mdel R, Giuliano G, Pietrella M, Perrotta G, Facella P, O'Brien K, Feingold SE, Barreiro LE, Massa GA, Diambra L, Whitty BR, Vaillancourt B, Lin H, Massa AN, Geoffroy M, Lundback S, DellaPenna D, Buell CR, Sharma SK, Marshall DF, Waugh R, Bryan GJ, Destefanis M, Nagy I, Milbourne D, Thomson SJ, Fiers M, Jacobs JM, Nielsen KL, Sønderkær M, Iovene M, Torres GA, Jiang J, Veilleux RE, Bachem CW, de Boer J, Borm T, Kloosterman B, van Eck H, Datema E, Hekkert Bt, Goverse A, van Ham RC, Visser RG. Genome sequence and analysis of the tuber crop potato. Nature. 2011 Jul 10;475(7355):189-95. doi: 10.1038/nature10158.

van Lieshout N, van der Burgt A, de Vries ME, Ter Maat M, Eickholt D, Esselink D, van Kaauwen MPW, Kodde LP, Visser RGF, Lindhout P, Finkers R. Solyntus, the New Highly Contiguous Reference Genome for Potato (Solanum tuberosum). G3 (Bethesda). 2020 Oct 5;10(10):3489-3495. doi: 10.1534/g3.120.401550.

Pham GM, Hamilton JP, Wood JC, Burke JT, Zhao H, Vaillancourt B, Ou S, Jiang J, Buell CR. Construction of a chromosome-scale long-read reference genome assembly for potato. Gigascience. 2020 Sep 23;9(9):giaa100. doi: 10.1093/gigascience/giaa100.