Description

Barley (Hordeum vulgare), a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally. It was one of the first cultivated grains; it was domesticated in the Fertile Crescent around 9000 BC, giving it nonshattering spikelets and making it much easier to harvest. Its use then spread throughout Eurasia by 2000 BC. Barley prefers relatively low temperatures, and well-drained soil to grow. It is relatively tolerant of drought and soil salinity, but is less winter-hardy than wheat or rye.

In 2022, barley was fourth among grains in quantity produced, 155 million tonnes, behind maize, wheat, and rice. Globally 70% of barley production is used as animal feed, while 30% is used as a source of fermentable material for beer, or further distilled into whisky, and as a component of various foods. It is used in soups and stews, and in barley bread of various cultures. Barley grains are commonly made into malt using a traditional and ancient method of preparation. In English folklore, John Barleycorn personifies the grain, and the alcoholic beverages made from it. English pub names such as The Barley Mow allude to barley's role in the production of beer.

Whole Genomes

Whole Genome Sequences & Annotations for Hordeum vulgare

• Hordeum vulgare MorexV3

S genes

Hordeum vulgare MorexV3 S genes

Query	Chromosome	Size(bp)	Coordinates	tBLASTn Hit	tBLASTn %ID	Domain
DUF247II-S	1H	516505932	83113352-83115031	LpSDUF247-II_chromosome1	75	DUF247
DUF247II-ZΨ	2H	665585731	636298586-636299215	LrDUF247II-Z	58	DUF247
HPS10-Z	2H	665585731	622994754-622994892, 622995019-622995107	Amyosuroides	37	-

Downloads

The Hordeum vulgare S gene sequences are available in FASTA format.

CDS and Protein (FASTA file)

S-gene_Hordeum_vulgare

Publications

Mascher M, Wicker T, Jenkins J, Plott C, Lux T, Koh CS, Ens J, Gundlach H, Boston LB, Tulpová Z, Holden S, Hernández-Pinzón I, Scholz U, Mayer KFX, Spannagl M, Pozniak CJ, Sharpe AG, Šimková H, Moscou MJ, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Stein N. Long-read sequence assembly: a technical evaluation in barley. Plant Cell. 2021 Jul 19;33(6):1888-1906. doi: 10.1093/plcell/koab077.

International Barley Genome Sequencing Consortium; Mayer KF, Waugh R, Brown JW, Schulman A, Langridge P, Platzer M, Fincher GB, Muehlbauer GJ, Sato K, Close TJ, Wise RP, Stein N. A physical, genetic and functional sequence assembly of the barley genome. Nature. 2012 Nov 29;491(7426):711-6. doi: 10.1038/nature11543.

Zeng X, Long H, Wang Z, Zhao S, Tang Y, Huang Z, Wang Y, Xu Q, Mao L, Deng G, Yao X, Li X, Bai L, Yuan H, Pan Z, Liu R, Chen X, WangMu Q, Chen M, Yu L, Liang J, DunZhu D, Zheng Y, Yu S, LuoBu Z, Guang X, Li J, Deng C, Hu W, Chen C, TaBa X, Gao L, Lv X, Abu YB, Fang X, Nevo E, Yu M, Wang J, Tashi N. The draft genome of Tibetan hulless barley reveals adaptive patterns to the high stressful Tibetan Plateau. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Jan 27;112(4):1095-100. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1423628112.

Mascher M, Gundlach H, Himmelbach A, Beier S, Twardziok SO, Wicker T, Radchuk V, Dockter C, Hedley PE, Russell J, Bayer M, Ramsay L, Liu H, Haberer G, Zhang XQ, Zhang Q, Barrero RA, Li L, Taudien S, Groth M, Felder M, Hastie A, Šimková H, Staňková H, Vrána J, Chan S, Muñoz-Amatriaín M, Ounit R, Wanamaker S, Bolser D, Colmsee C, Schmutzer T, Aliyeva-Schnorr L, Grasso S, Tanskanen J, Chailyan A, Sampath D, Heavens D, Clissold L, Cao S, Chapman B, Dai F, Han Y, Li H, Li X, Lin C, McCooke JK, Tan C, Wang P, Wang S, Yin S, Zhou G, Poland JA, Bellgard MI, Borisjuk L, Houben A, Doležel J, Ayling S, Lonardi S, Kersey P, Langridge P, Muehlbauer GJ, Clark MD, Caccamo M, Schulman AH, Mayer KFX, Platzer M, Close TJ, Scholz U, Hansson M, Zhang G, Braumann I, Spannagl M, Li C, Waugh R, Stein N. A chromosome conformation capture ordered sequence of the barley genome. Nature. 2017 Apr 26;544(7651):427-433. doi: 10.1038/nature22043.