Description

Echinochloa crus-galli is a type of wild grass originating from tropical Asia that was formerly classified as a type of panicum grass. It is commonly known as cockspur (or cockspur grass), barnyard millet, Japanese millet, water grass, common barnyard grass, or simply "barnyard grass" (which may refer to any species of Echinochloa or the genus as a whole however). This plant can grow to 60" (1.5 m) in height and has long, flat leaves which are often purplish at the base. Most stems are upright, but some will spread out over the ground. Stems are flattened at the base. The seed heads are a distinctive feature, often purplish, with large millet-like seeds in crowded spikelets. Considered one of the world's worst weeds, it reduces crop yields and causes forage crops to fail by removing up to 80% of the available soil nitrogen. It acts as a host for several mosaic virus diseases. Heavy infestations can interfere with mechanical harvesting. Individual plants can produce up to 40,000 seeds per year. Water, birds, insects, machinery, and animal feet disperse it, but contaminated seed is probably the most common dispersal method.

Whole Genomes

Whole Genome Sequences & Annotations for Echinochloa crus-galli

• Echinochloa crus-galli ec_v3

S genes

Echinochloa crus-galli ec_v3 S genes

Query	Chromosome	Size(bp)	Coordinates	tBLASTn Hit	tBLASTn %ID	Domain
DUF247I-S	GWHBDNR00000024	37306403	19955457-19957121	Shybrid	62	DUF247
DUF247II-SΨ	GWHBDNR00000024	37306403	19465551-19465817	Shybrid	58	DUF247
HPS10-S	GWHBDNR00000024	37306403	19481296-19481399, 19481549-19481687	ShybridS1	63	-
DUF247I-Z1Ψ	GWHBDNR00000009	38788670	35955639-35957087	Shybrid	61	DUF247
DUF247I-Z2	GWHBDNR00000018	36391468	33666360-33667985	Shybrid	60	DUF247
DUF247I-Z3	GWHBDNR00000027	39086771	35924516-35926126	Shybrid	54	DUF247
DUF247II-Z	GWHBDNR00000027	39086771	35931885-35933543	Shybrid	55	DUF247
HPS10-Z1	GWHBDNR00000018	36391468	33671417-33671573, 33671654-33671760	ShybridZ5	76	-
HPS10-Z2	GWHBDNR00000027	39086771	35929892-35929995, 35930107-35930233	Orufipogon	35	-

Downloads

The Echinochloa crus-galli S gene sequences are available in FASTA format.

CDS and Protein (FASTA file)

S-gene_Echinochloa_crus-galli

Publications

Wu D, Shen E, Jiang B, Feng Y, Tang W, Lao S, Jia L, Lin HY, Xie L, Weng X, Dong C, Qian Q, Lin F, Xu H, Lu H, Cutti L, Chen H, Deng S, Guo L, Chuah TS, Song BK, Scarabel L, Qiu J, Zhu QH, Yu Q, Timko MP, Yamaguchi H, Merotto A Jr, Qiu Y, Olsen KM, Fan L, Ye CY. Genomic insights into the evolution of Echinochloa species as weed and orphan crop. Nat Commun. 2022 Feb 3;13(1):689. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-28359-9.

Guo L, Qiu J, Ye C, Jin G, Mao L, Zhang H, Yang X, Peng Q, Wang Y, Jia L, Lin Z, Li G, Fu F, Liu C, Chen L, Shen E, Wang W, Chu Q, Wu D, Wu S, Xia C, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Wang L, Wu L, Song W, Wang Y, Shu Q, Aoki D, Yumoto E, Yokota T, Miyamoto K, Okada K, Kim DS, Cai D, Zhang C, Lou Y, Qian Q, Yamaguchi H, Yamane H, Kong CH, Timko MP, Bai L, Fan L. Echinochloa crus-galli genome analysis provides insight into its adaptation and invasiveness as a weed. Nat Commun. 2017 Oct 18;8(1):1031. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-01067-5.

Ye CY, Wu D, Mao L, Jia L, Qiu J, Lao S, Chen M, Jiang B, Tang W, Peng Q, Pan L, Wang L, Feng X, Guo L, Zhang C, Kellogg EA, Olsen KM, Bai L, Fan L. The Genomes of the Allohexaploid Echinochloa crus-galli and Its Progenitors Provide Insights into Polyploidization-Driven Adaptation. Mol Plant. 2020 Sep 7;13(9):1298-1310. doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.07.001.